The unemployed future of the labor market in conditions of robotic production and determination of trends in the development of education in digital space

Annotation. In the article the analysis of the unemployed future of the labor market in conditions of robotic production and the determination of trends in the development of education in digital space was carried out. It was found that the creation of jobs in new branches requires new skills, which means that people will have to retrain or master another specialty from scratch. The current definition of trends in the development of higher education and new communication technologies is important that affect the nature of the labor market by replacing certain types of human labor by machines, justifies the improvement of the national system of educational services in Ukraine in the context of the advantages and disadvantages of modern and future professions and technologies.

It is determined that unconditional main income implies regular fixed payments to people upon the fact of citizenship, regardless of their social status, abundance and availability of work.

The experience of the international unemployed future of the labor market is studied in conditions of robotic production, namely, in the USA.

It came to the conclusion that if the state does not introduce mechanisms of state regulation in the production of robots and their possession, possession of software and artificial intelligence, this will not only destroy places of work, but will also destroy the middle class and social structure of any state in the world!

Key words: robotic production, labor market, digital intelligence, globalization, robotics.

Formulation of the problem. Today, in Ukraine and in the world, we predict total automation of labor and production processes, according to European scientists, in the European Union automation has already destroyed 9.6 million jobs, but at the same time 8.7 million were created due to the demand for goods. However, the unemployed such a conclusion seems a little encouraging. Formation of jobs in new industries requires appropriate new skills, which means that people will have to retrain or master another specialty from scratch. The current definition of trends is important in the development of higher education and new communication technologies that affect the nature of the labor market by replacing certain types of human labor by machines, justifies the improvement of the national system of educational services in Ukraine in the context of the advantages and disadvantages of modern and future professions and technologies.

In that situation, most likely, some people will have to face those who already receive a small salary today, and their workplaces were replaced by automated work processes.

Americans are not afraid that their jobs will be occupied by robots, according to a survey conducted by LivePerson, Americans are not afraid that their jobs will be occupied by robot [19]. “Robots will come, but not for me,” the majority of respondents said that they believe that the threat to their employment is economic problems, low wages and migrants, and not automation, according to Quartz [20].

Presenting the main material. We are at the very beginning of the fastest urbanization of humanity, the nanotechnological boom, cyborgisation of neurointerfaces, symbiosis of biological and digital intelligence. Every morning we wake up what percentage is more developed in than yesterday, therefore, today’s important definition of trends in the development of higher education as an important segment of the global market for services, its transformation and reorientation in the conditions of global automation and informatization of society, justification of the directions of improvement of the national system of educational services of Ukraine in the context of benefits of modern and future professions and technologies, unemployment problems of the future labor market.

The number of robotics in the US tripled since 2009, and the density of automation in the American auto industry reached 1218 robots for 10,000 workers. Experts say that only a permanent retraining will help workers to protect themselves from unemployment.

The Live Person survey does not specify which education the respondents received. But, according to a study by Emolument, workers without higher education believed the least in automation. The survey also showed that most of the robotizing worries experts in finance, lawyers and sales. Persons with low incomes also fall into the risk group. The Council of Economic Advisers of the United States predicts that 83% of jobs where they pay less than $ 20 per hour will be occupied by robots.

Co-founder of Microsoft and philanthropist Mr. Bill Gates believes that sooner or later the wealth of individual states will reach peak, and then they will be able to pay money to all residents only according to the fact of citizenship. But until this has not happened, Mr. Gates proposes to help the needy and change the tax system. Including, imposing a tax on the work of robots.

Unconditional main income implies regular fixed payments to people according to the fact of citizenship, regardless of their social status, abundance and availability of work. Mr. Bill Gates does not oppose this concept, but believes that its time has not yet come. He shared his point of view concerning the UMI (unconditional main income) on web-site Reddit, where he answered the questions of users at the AMA session (Ask me anything) [1].

Mr. Gates thinks that the country has not achieved enough prosperity to pay monthly benefits to every citizen. “Even the United States is not rich enough to allow people not to work,” Mr. Bill Gates said. Subsequently, this will be possible, but while Microsoft’s co-founder suggests paying attention to vulnerable segments of the population: the elderly and children in need of special care. Mr. Gates also noted that it is necessary to help adults with education. In the age of automation, the ability to constantly learn will be highly appreciated, but the modern professional environment is not prepared for new challenges.

An alternative to UMI on the first occasion may be the earned income tax credit EITC – an allowance for low or middle-income workers, which eliminates the need to pay income tax. Business Insider explains that, on the contrary, owners of a stable job and low income receive state compensation.

Earlier Mr. Bill Gates claimed that humanity would eradicate all forms of poverty by 2030. According to the billionaire, in the next 15 years the lives of the people will improve rapidly, but for that it is necessary to continue to fight infectious diseases, invest in technology for helping the poor and provide people with access to modern developments. “Scientific and technological achievements – both new vaccines and sustainable agro-culture, and cheap smartphones and tablets, will be key methods of fighting poverty,” Mr. Gates wrote in his essay.

Recently, in an interview to Quartz, he proposed the introduction of a tax on the work of robots, and the collected in such manner funds are distibuted to salaries for teachers and social workers. He also noted that technology would bring enormous wealth to countries, which should be directed to the education and support of the poor [20].

The founder and CEO of SoftBank, Mr. Masayoshi Son believes that in the future, even the computer chips will have a record high IQ. Mr. Son also noted that it is already preparing for the era of singularity and making investments in the future [10].

During his speech at Mobile World Congress, the head of SoftBank said that humanity will achieve a singularity in the next 30 years. By this time, highly developed robots will surpass the person by numbers and intellectual abilities [10].

Most experts do not expect a singularity in the coming decades. Google cloud head technology Ms. Diane Green doubts that she will survive a singularity [2]. According to the author of The New York Times, Mr. John Markoff, no one of us will find a singularity, as long as there are not enough scientific prerequisites for it [2]. Forecasts of Mr. Masayoshi Son are shared by futurist Mr. Ray Kurzweil – the ideologue of singularity, who believes that robots will surpass a person by intellectual abilities already in 2045 [12]. Becoming a financier in the future is meaningless, since algorithms will be better than in any person to process and analyze data. Philosophers and philologists, on the contrary, have all chances to succeed, billionaire and businessman Mr. Mark Kuban says [7].

People will lose jobs, and re-training will not help them, as there will be nothing to be retrained, the entrepreneur says in an interview with Bloomberg. According to Kuban’s definition, the automation of what has already been automated began in the world. Analysts and coders can no longer match the algorithms, since they are capable of processing more information in record time. The sphere of finance is particularly prone to undermining, since the machine intelligence is capable of analyzing body of data and issuing the necessary invoice without human involvement [7].

“I believe that in 10 years the demand for humanities will be higher than the demand for programmers or even for engineers,” Mr.Kuban noted. In the future, people with a special look at things that will be able to give a critical assessment of the data collected algorithms will be needed. Philologists and philosophers have these skills, according to the investor [7].

The bet for humanitarian knowledge and emotional intelligence is also made by philanthropist Mr. Bill Gates and President of the World Economic Forum Mr. Klaus Schwab.

Technologies are increasing instability in the labor market and less and less serving people. Modern technologies do not take into account the interests and comfort of the user and their application scenarios often contradict common sense. A new era of continuous innovation only reinforces instability and makes a person superfluous. The editor of The Atlantic Jan Bogost came in his column to such conclusions [16].

Multibase subjects have undergone technological transformation – they have acquired processors, sensors and other devices that are designed to improve their work. However, total digitization often prevents an object from performing its functions and generates instability, or, as Bogost name it, suggests, pre-penalty. This term usually describes the current economic and labor conditions where people find themselves in a vulnerable position. Flexible working hours make it work more hours, the volatility of employment prevents to collect money and to build long-term plans [16].

Artificial intelligence, which manages news that does not enlarge the access of citizens to information, but only strengthen the dominant position of algorithms over human decisions.

The world of the future will be ordinary and similar to the current world. The goals of man and technology will eventually disperse in different directions, and people will be in a more dependent position. One should not expect singularity – humanity has given its life to robots, just so far we do not notice it [6].

In addition, companies are trying to create a false need for a product in an empty place, even when it is obvious that they are not interesting for users [4].

However, scientists and creators of “meat” startups believe that in 5-10 years, artificial meatballs and hamburgers will be sold in stores at a moderate price [9].

According to Next Big Future, there are at least 6 companies involved in the development of artificial animal products. “Haytek” has already written about the startups of Memphis Meats, which plans to start sales of meatballs from test tubes in 2-5 years, and also intends to grow steaks and chicken breasts in the lab [14].

The Israeli startup SuperMeat cultivates kosher chicken liver, the American company Clara Foods synthesizes egg whites, while Perfect Day Foods creates dairy products of non-animal origin. Finally, the creator of the first burger with artificial meat Mark Posta Mosa Meat promises to begin selling beef lamb in the next 4-5 years [9].

Commodity animal husbandry causes great damage to ecology. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2500 liters of water are needed to produce one hamburger, and cows are considered the main source of methane that increases the greenhouse effect. Laboratory meat, even with the use of animal cells, will significantly reduce the harmful effects on the environment. One turkey can get enough cells to make 20 trillion nagets.

According to the agroecology estimates of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Ms. Hanna Thuomisto, beef production in the laboratory will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 90% and use of land by 99% [15].

Students at the University of California at Berkeley will study this year’s method of creating artificial meat. Since autumn, a special course concerning the creation of protein raw materials and solving problems associated with this process starts at the university [3].

Is there a need today to improve the methods of production of artificial meat, to focus on apocalypse? Apparently, as part of the survival of mankind on our planet, but we are focusing on development and peace exclusively in an evolutionary way, taking into account the phenomenon of globalization and inevitable singularity.

Mr. Joseph Stiglitz, winner of the Nobel Prize, says: “If globalization is to be implemented as it has been done so far, if we continue to learn from our own mistakes, globalization will not only contribute to economic development, it will continue to cause poverty and instability. Without reforms, the existing negative reaction will be accumulated, and dissatisfaction with globalization will increase” [13].

Globalization and erosion of national sovereignty, including in resolving national economic problems, have increased the public’s attention to the growth of the global power of international institutions, transnational corporations, oligarchic clans, and the impact of oil and gas compse, in the absence of transparency and accountability in their activities [13].

Society understands that today there is a real threat of monopolization of the nanotechnology market, concentration of control in “one hand”. What are the consequences of this threat to society? Let us consider the conclusions, and so far let us turn to people in Ukraine, what they say, what they expect and aspire to and what to look for in their high-tech future for themselves and their descendants [13].

The future without robots opens a new etymology of the word of the future – NON-ROBOT. I always say what awaits a person of the future, who will not have robots as a workforce or income from renting them? Who will be able to provide the same subsistence minimum for this person – the state, the same UMI? No less interesting question, and when a person will own robots, what taxes should he/she pays for their maintenance, who will control them through the software, or how much it will cost, what is the cost of their TS? When the work becomes smarter and more intelligent than a person, not to mention artificial intelligence, or the inevitable singularity what will happen with a person, his development and intelligence, education, which will be – the person of the future, or what machines will lead us to if we do not ensure cyber security? What will we eat, how will it be genetically manifested in our next generations? All this worries me, reflections concerning the future of all worthy futurists and non-indifferent people in the world should form a united view in society: who we are, why we are on this planet, what we did with our planet and what it was necessary to do yesterday, in order to save it today and tomorrow!

We are at the very beginning of the fastest urbanization of humanity, the nanotechnological boom, cyborgisation of neurointerfaces, symbiosis of biological and digital intelligence. Every morning we wake up what percentage is more developed on than yesterday, therefore, today’s important definition of trends in the development of higher education as an important segment of the global market for services, its transformation and reorientation in the conditions of global automation and informatization of society, justification of the directions of improvement of the national system of educational services of Ukraine in the context of benefits modern and future occupations and technologies. Unfortunately, this is inevitability, the value of higher education becomes insignificant, knowledge in the university world ceases to be unique, the matrix destroys the monopoly of knowledge and education, anyone can become a professional, the more so that the person of the future must possess several professions that he can collect as puzzles.

In the world of technology, it is humanitarian science that allows us to formulate ideas and make balanced judgments, that is, to perform tasks that are not yet given to robots and algorithms, philologists and philosophers, managers and psychologists – this is our long-term task of the near future. Everything that can be digitized will be digitized, so financiers will go to the background.
The biggest nonsense that a person can do it is an attempt to stop the evolution, to reform and redefine the education system immediately, or the employment office will continue to spend billions for employment, re-education and professional orientation, and in the near future to spend more money of taxpayers. The introduction by the state of mechanisms of state regulation in the production of robots, their possession and software in the future labor market, to reform and adjust the system of education and employment services, to provide a living wage for a person – an unconditional main income UMI [21] {22}, {23}.

Conclusions and prospects for further research. The work will make rich people even richer, not to repeat the mistakes of privatization, that, as a man, NON-ROBOT, we have already found out that it is synonymous with the word unemployed. The solution to total unemployment can be unconditional main income-monthly payments, this is the answer to accelerating the pace of automation, which will leave millions of people without work. Because of the lack of work, people can feel unnecessary and oppressed in the process of confrontation in their everyday lives with robots and artificial intelligence – and this problem will be difficult to solve, the help of new trained psychologists is needed.

If the state does not introduce state regulation mechanisms in the production and possession of robots, software possession and artificial intelligence, this will not only destroy jobs, but will also destroy the middle class and the social fabric of any state in the world!

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Gennadiy Marianenko, Ph.D.
in State Administration, Associate Professor,
Ukrainian State Employment Service Training Institute